This article explains Freud's ideas on pain and also the perspective of Pierre Marty and his team, who developed Freud's theory and were one of the founders of the psychosomatic field. Additionally, it examines the contributions of contemporary theorists such as Claude Smadja, Marina Papageorgiou, and Marialla Aisenstein, who made significant contributions to understanding pain, particularly in patients suffering from chronic conditions. The aim of this study is to provide an analysis of pain through the concepts of sensation, affect, and representation, offering insights into its clinical manifestations.